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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a common neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4% of the general population. It is accompanied with high rates of comorbidity, such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, and significant emotional, social, and occupational impairments. Psychotherapy and medication are both effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. Stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine are among the most frequently prescribed drugs. Medicines Many adults suffering from ADHD experience significant improvement in their symptoms and functioning due to medication. It is crucial that people with ADHD find the combination of medication that works for them. Adults with ADHD are prescribed stimulants such as methylphenidate or amphetamines. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form and can be taken as frequently as every three to four hours. Adults can supplement their immediate-release medication with an extended-release, long-acting medicine every week to lessen the necessity to take it regularly throughout the day. Adults with ADHD can also be successfully treated with antidepressants, such as desipramine. This class of medications can be utilized in conjunction with stimulants or in isolation to boost their effects. However, they can increase the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects such as a rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Adults with ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam or clonidine. They are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These medications were originally developed to treat hypertension. They have a calming affect and may improve focus and decrease hyperactivity and impulseivity in certain adults. However, these medications could cause a very low blood pressure if they are abruptly stopped or reduced in dosage. Adults with ADHD are also able to benefit from psychotherapy. Individual talk therapy can help them cope with their feelings of shame and embarrassment over their ADHD, as well as anger towards supervisors, coworkers, teachers and family members who might nag or criticize them. Additionally, marriage and family counseling can help couples suffering from ADHD understand each other's problems and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults suffering from ADHD aims to improve daily functioning by teaching skills and strategies. Psychotherapy can help individuals who suffer from ADHD overcome their self-esteem issues and the feeling of failure they often feel. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps people change the negative thoughts that cause difficulties in their lives and to discover new ways of thinking, feeling and doing. This short-term, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy has proven to be effective for a variety of conditions, including depression and anxiety. It can be utilized in conjunction with other therapies or alone. CBT may include group therapy, which is particularly helpful for adults with ADHD because it gives the opportunity to interact with other people with similar challenges and to learn from others how they manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or over the phone. One study compared the effects of CBT against conventional therapy for adults suffering from ADHD and discovered that both treatments resulted in improvement in self-report assessments of functioning, symptoms and quality of life. Numerous studies have evaluated CBT with other psychosocial treatments for people with ADHD and all have shown significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms with medium to large effect size. These improvements were associated with various modalities that include cognitive and interpersonal behavioral therapy, social skill training, problem-solving exercises and mindfulness meditation. It is important to compare the effectiveness of different treatments for adults with ADHD with caution. It is possible that the differences in the outcomes are due to a range of factors, including the treatment features and the methods used. A few studies have investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback, a method that involves wearing an electrode-lined cap when performing cognitive tasks to pinpoint areas in the brain where there is too much or too little activity, and instructing the individual to control these patterns. Counseling Many people who suffer from ADHD also have comorbid mood or anxiety disorders that need treatment. Counseling can help address these issues, which could be contributing to ADHD symptoms. Certain psychotherapy methods include the use of interpersonal therapy to improve a person's ability to build meaningful relationships and resolve conflicts. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help people manage impulsive, self-destructive, and negative behaviors that could cause difficulties at school or at work. In some instances psychotherapy may be utilized as an adjunct to medications for adult adhd treatment for adults. People with co-occurring disorders like addiction to substances, depression and bipolar disorder must be evaluated to ensure that their symptoms aren't made worse by medications used to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning and a history or seizures, should be treated with more vigor. If ADHD is sufficient to cause problems with the quality of life and daily functioning intensive outpatient programs could be recommended. These programs provide structured treatment that is more intense than traditional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps adults suffering from ADHD improve their ability to manage time and impulse control, executive function, and planning. It helps them understand and express emotions, and it uses worksheets and activities to make the lessons engaging. Meditation training that is mindful enhances CBT, and it improves the ability of a person to concentrate and manage their emotions. It also enhances an individual's capacity to manage stress and arousal. It helps them deal with sadness, anger and other emotions that may be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD frequently have difficulty functioning at home and at work. In addition to impacting work performance, these issues can interfere with relationships and could result in financial issues. adhd treatment adults that addresses these issues can help you improve your self-esteem, resolve the root of your issue and develop healthy coping mechanisms. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a useful treatment for adults with ADHD because it teaches you how to modify your negative beliefs and behaviors. In particular, it focuses on teaching you to employ time management strategies and overcome mental distortions that lead to negative moods and the perception of limited choices. Many adults with ADHD have anxiety or depression disorders that are comorbid. These psychiatric disorders can reduce or increase the effectiveness of certain medications that are used to treat ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended that you treat the most severe comorbidity first and monitor the response to treatment before proceeding to treatment of the other condition. Occupational therapy can help you learn ways to organize your life and your work, establish routines that are predictable, manage time and money and build confidence in yourself. It can help you master relaxation methods that may reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Additionally yoga and other forms of exercise can aid in improving your focus by stabilizing your body in different poses. Counseling for families and marriage can help adults with ADHD to solve the problems they create for their spouses, kids and other family members. They often complain of being unreliable and disorganized. They are also prone to forget things or make impulsive decisions. Therapy and classes where spouses and other family members are educated about ADHD can help you establish more harmonious relationships. Additionally, it can help you and your loved ones to understand that these problems are related to the patient's ADHD instead of an absence of care or an unwillingness to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a prevalent neurobiological disorder. It is accompanied by a high rate of comorbidity. This includes depression, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders. Treatment options include psychosocial and medication interventions. A wide range of medications are available for adults suffering from ADHD, and some of them have been tested in clinical trials. These studies have exposed the strengths and drawbacks of the drugs. Adults who suffer from ADHD have the same symptoms as children, however it can be difficult to recognize them since the symptoms of childhood may not persist throughout adulthood. In addition, adults with ADHD may not have a history of the disorder in their family or they may not remember having symptoms. A thorough medical history is important to determine if the symptoms are caused by an illness such as thyroid issues or sleep apnea, vision and hearing problems or lead poisoning. Adults with ADHD are treated with stimulants or nonstimulants. Stimulants are the most effective medication to treat adults suffering from ADHD and their responsiveness rates are in the 70 – 80 percent range. Amphetamine as well as methylphenidate are the most commonly prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate can also be administered through a transdermal system. This allows for continuous medication delivery during the daytime. Nonstimulant medicines for adults suffering from ADHD are mostly tricyclic antidepressants that work on norepinephrine and dopamine. Desipramine is the most researched tricyclic drug and has been proven to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a low-dose medication that is recommended to be increased every seven days by 50mg until the desired effect is seen. Bupropion XL is another antidepressant that has been shown to be effective in adults with ADHD. It is a dopamine agonist that blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine in the presynaptic cellular transporter, increasing its availability in brain. The drug is known to improve mood in adults and reduce hyperactivity, but it's not as effective at improving cognitive function or concentration as stimulants.